Bipolar 1 Disorder
SYMPTOMS
Bipolar 1 disorder is a complex disorder. Bipolar disorder is a major psychiatric disorder, characterized by depressive, manic and mixed episodes (Muller et al, 2016). Bipolar 1 disorder has a combinations of symptoms. A person with bipolar 1 disorder many have manic symptoms which includes being abnormally upbeat/positive, increased energy, fast speech, lack of sleep, exaggerated sense of self /well being, impulsive/risky behaviors and agitation. A person may also experience depressive episodes where they lack motivation, feeling worthlessness, low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts. Bipolar 1 disorder affects women and men. Bipolar 1 can have both manic and depressive episodes this disorder can be diagnosed on the basis of one manic episode (Phillips et al , 2013).
Disability Impacts Development
Bipolar disorder can make it hard for a person to function. It can hinder their progress in school and at work. People with bipolar disorder tend to have fewer friends and social networks. According to Depp et al (2010), "A subgroup of outpatients with bipolar disorder has impaired social competence, which, when present, worsened the impact of depression and cognitive impairment on social functioning". It is difficult for people with bipolar disorder to interact with others especially when they are experiencing a depressive episode. People with bipolar disorder are less likely to achieve social milestones such as marriage or equivalent relationships than others (Depp et al, 2010).
Disability Impact Cognitive Skill
A person with bipolar disorder (BD) experiences cognitive disturbances. Bipolar patients exhibit psychomotor retardation and impaired declarative memory, executive function(Sanches et al, 2015). During the cycles of mania and depression a person experiences cognitive impairment. During manic episodes people with BD ,display poorer verbal memory, verbal fluency, and cognitive estimation skills when compared to depressive episodes (Sanches et al, 2015). During the depressive episodes people with BD experience verbal memory deficits. According to Sanches et al (2015), "In one study, manic patients were found to have a worse cognitive profile than depressed patients in terms of psychomotor retardation". Bipolar disorder impacts a a person cognitive skills and affects the way they process information. This can cause a disruption in their day to day activities.
https://www.everydayhealth.com/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-and-memory-loss.aspx
https://psychcentral.com/blog/bipolar-laid-bare/2016/10/bipolar-disorder-and-adhd-hyperfocus
Disability Impacts Emotion
Bipolar disorder (BD) can cause a person to have intense mood swings. They have extreme high emotions and extreme low emotions. This affects a persons relationships and overall well being. According to Johnson et al (2016), " analyses suggested that bipolar disorder was tied to a host of emotion disturbances, but multivariate analyses suggested that bipolar disorder was particularly tied to elevations of Negative Emotion". A person with BD experiences emotional disturbances when in manic episodes and depressive episodes.
https://bostoneveningtherapy.com/changes-in-empathy-in-bipolar-disorder/
https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/caregiver-support
References
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